Automated Backups for BookStack on VPS - Secure & Scheduled

Project #3

As part of hardening and maintaining my public BookStack instance hosted on a VPS, I implemented a secure, automated backup system using shell scripting and cron. This ensures my database and uploaded files are regularly archived and protected against data loss - without exposing sensitive information in scripts.

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The Setup

• VPS: Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Hostinger)

• Web Stack: Apache, MySQL, PHP 8.2 (LAMP stack)

• Application: BookStack (latest stable)

• Backup Destination: /opt/bookstack_backups/ on the VPS

• Security Enhancements:

  • fail2ban active

  • SSH hardening complete

  • UFW configured to allow only necessary services

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The Process

1. Created a Shell Script

   • A custom script (/usr/local/bin/bookstack-backup.sh) was written to:

     • Dump the MySQL bookstack database

     • Archive important BookStack directories (such as /var/www/bookstack/public/uploads and /var/www/bookstack/storage/uploads)

     • Rotate old backups by removing any older than 7 days

2. Secured MySQL Credentials

   • Rather than placing the database password in the script (which is insecure), credentials were stored securely in the root user's ~/.my.cnf file:

     [client]
     user=bookstack
     password=your_db_password

3. Tested the Script

   • Verified manual execution of the script:

     • Confirmed .sql dumps and .tar.gz files were created correctly

     • Ensured proper permissions and ownership of backup files

4. Scheduled Daily Cron Job

   • Added the script to root’s crontab to run automatically at 2:00 AM each day:

     0 2 * * * /usr/local/bin/bookstack-backup.sh

Sample Output

Backup files generated daily look like:

• /opt/bookstack_backups/bookstack_2025-05-09.sql

• /opt/bookstack_backups/bookstack_files_2025-05-09.tar.gz

What I Learned

• Avoid using mysqldump passwords in scripts — ~/.my.cnf is a secure alternative.

• Giving the database user PROCESS privilege was necessary to prevent dump errors.

• Always verify permissions and script execution manually before automating via cron.

• Storing backups under /opt/ keeps them cleanly separated from web content.