# 03 - All About Ubuntu # Tilix & Neofetch Branded Terminal Setup #### **Title:** Tilix Terminal Setup with Branded Header (Ubuntu 22.04) **Category:** Linux Customization **Date:** June 4, 2025 --- ### Tilix Terminal Setup with Branded Header (Ubuntu 22.04) If you're looking to upgrade from the default GNOME Terminal on Ubuntu, **Tilix** offers a tiled terminal experience with support for Nerd Fonts, transparency, and persistent sessions. This guide walks through installing Tilix and customizing your terminal with a branded system info header. --- ### Step 1: Install Tilix ```bash sudo apt update sudo apt install tilix -y ``` --- ### Step 2: Make Tilix Your Default Terminal Run the following: ```bash sudo update-alternatives --config x-terminal-emulator ``` Use the arrow keys to select **Tilix**, then press **Enter**. --- ### Step 3: Install Nerd Fonts (Optional) To fully enjoy custom prompts or themes like Starship, you'll want a Nerd Font installed on your host machine: 1. Visit [https://www.nerdfonts.com/font-downloads](https://www.nerdfonts.com/font-downloads) 2. Download **FiraCode Nerd Font** or **Hack Nerd Font** 3. Install it on your **host OS** 4. In Tilix: `Preferences β†’ Default Profile β†’ Text β†’ Enable Custom Font` Select your installed Nerd Font --- ### Step 4: Add a System Info Banner with Neofetch Install Neofetch: ```bash sudo apt install neofetch -y ``` Then edit your `~/.bashrc` file: ```bash nano ~/.bashrc ``` Add this line at the end: ```bash neofetch ``` Save and apply: ```bash source ~/.bashrc ``` You’ll now see a clean, branded system header every time you open your terminal! --- ### πŸ–ΌοΈ ![Tilix Branded Header Screenshot](https://yourdomain.com/path/to/screenshot.png) --- [![image.png](https://docs.natenetworks.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-06/scaled-1680-/uv2jE0Dvj4iEHDg8-image.png)](https://docs.natenetworks.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-06/uv2jE0Dvj4iEHDg8-image.png) ### Summary - **Tilix** offers a modern, split-pane terminal experience - **Neofetch** adds a professional system info banner - You can easily integrate with fonts, themes, and shell enhancements # πŸ—‚οΈ Log Management Reference **Category:** All About Ubuntu **Last Updated:** May 14th, 2025 --- ### πŸ“Œ Default Log File Locations Most Linux systems (especially Debian/Ubuntu) store logs in these locations:
PathPurpose
`/var/log/`Main system log directory
`/var/log/syslog`General system messages
`/var/log/auth.log`Authentication (sudo, SSH, etc.)
`/var/log/kern.log`Kernel messages
`/var/log/dmesg`Boot-time hardware logs
`/var/log/ufw.log`UFW firewall logs
`/var/log/fail2ban.log`Fail2Ban logs
`/var/log/apache2/`Apache logs
`/var/log/mysql/`MySQL logs
`/var/log/journal/``systemd` journal logs (binary format)
> πŸ’‘ **Best Practice:** Custom scripts should log to `/var/log/your-script-name.log` for consistency and ease of monitoring. --- ### πŸ”Ž How to Locate Log Files --- #### 1. **Explore the `/var/log` directory** ```bash ls -lah /var/log ``` --- #### 2. **Search for `.log` files** - Search entire system: ```bash sudo find / -type f -iname '*.log' 2>/dev/null ``` - Search recent `.log` files (modified in last day): ```bash sudo find / -type f -iname '*.log' -mtime -1 2>/dev/null ``` --- #### 3. **Use `locate` for fast results** ```bash sudo updatedb locate '*.log' ``` --- #### 4. **Search config files for log paths** ```bash grep -R --include='*.conf' -n '\.log' /etc ``` --- #### 5. **Live view or tail logs** - Tail latest lines: ```bash tail -n 50 /var/log/syslog ``` - Live follow: ```bash tail -f /var/log/fail2ban.log ``` --- ### πŸ” Log Rotation with `logrotate` To prevent log files from growing indefinitely, configure rotation using files in: ```bash /etc/logrotate.d/ ``` --- #### βœ… Example: Correct Logrotate Format **File:** `/etc/logrotate.d/fail2ban-ip-lookup` ```bash /var/log/fail2ban-ip-lookup.log { su root root daily rotate 7 compress missingok notifempty create 644 root root } ``` - `su root root` ensures correct user/group even when run via cron. - `daily` rotates logs each day. - `rotate 7` keeps 7 old copies. - `compress` gzips old logs. - `notifempty` skips rotation if the file is empty. - `create 644 root root` sets the new log file’s permissions and ownership. --- ### πŸ§ͺ Test & Force Rotation - **Dry run** of logrotate: ```bash sudo logrotate -d /etc/logrotate.conf ``` - **Force rotate** a specific config: ```bash sudo logrotate -f /etc/logrotate.d/fail2ban-ip-lookup ``` --- ### 🧼 Clear Log File Without Deleting Preserve file permissions: ```bash sudo truncate -s 0 /var/log/your-log-file.log ``` --- ### πŸ“¬ Optional: Email Alerts on Log Events Example for alerting on high abuse score: ```bash grep "Abuse Score: 100" /var/log/fail2ban-ip-lookup.log | mail -s "πŸ”₯ High Abuse Score Alert" you@example.com ``` --- # Fail2Ban Reference & Useful Commands #### **Category:** All About Ubuntu **Last Updated:** May 11, 2025 **Applies To:** Ubuntu Server 22.04+ ### Fail2Ban Jail Configuration Fail2Ban jails control how long an IP remains banned after matching filters. To increase ban duration (e.g., to 48 hours): #### Configuration File ```bash sudo nano /etc/fail2ban/jail.local ``` #### Example Jail Settings for SSH and UFW Block: ```ini [sshd] enabled = true port = ssh logpath = %(sshd_log)s bantime = 172800 findtime = 600 maxretry = 3 [ufw-block] enabled = true filter = ufw-block logpath = /var/log/ufw.log bantime = 172800 findtime = 600 maxretry = 3 ``` βœ… `bantime` is in seconds β†’ `172800` equals 48 hours βœ… `findtime` is the window (in seconds) to detect repeated offenses βœ… `maxretry` is the number of failed attempts before banning After changes: ```bash sudo systemctl restart fail2ban ``` ### Useful Commands
TaskCommand
Check fail2ban service status`sudo systemctl status fail2ban`
Start fail2ban`sudo systemctl start fail2ban`
Restart fail2ban`sudo systemctl restart fail2ban`
View all jail statuses`sudo fail2ban-client status`
View a specific jail (e.g., sshd)`sudo fail2ban-client status sshd`
See currently banned IPs in a jail`sudo fail2ban-client get sshd banned`
Unban an IP from a jail`sudo fail2ban-client set sshd unbanip `
Get ignore list for a jail`sudo fail2ban-client get sshd ignoreip`
Manually test a filter (dry run)`fail2ban-regex /var/log/auth.log /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/sshd.conf`
### Filter & Jail File Paths
File PurposePath
Jail configuration`/etc/fail2ban/jail.local`
Custom filters`/etc/fail2ban/filter.d/`
Fail2Ban main log`/var/log/fail2ban.log`
UFW log (for ufw-block)`/var/log/ufw.log`
### Dynamically Updating `ignoreip` in Fail2Ban with DDNS To prevent your own dynamic IP from being blocked by Fail2Ban (especially on services like `sshd` or custom UFW blocks), you can automate the injection of a DDNS-resolved IP into the `ignoreip` configuration. ### Script Overview **Location:** `/usr/local/bin/update-fail2ban-ignoreip.sh` **Purpose:** Resolves a DDNS hostname to an IPv4 address and updates the `ignoreip` line in `/etc/fail2ban/jail.local`. This helps Fail2Ban ignore your dynamic IP address automatically. ### Key Script Breakdown ```bash #!/bin/bash DDNS_HOST="your-ddns.example.com" RESOLVED_IP=$(dig +short "$DDNS_HOST" | grep -Eo '([0-9]{1,3}\.){3}[0-9]{1,3}' | head -n 1) ``` - Resolves your DDNS hostname to a valid IPv4 address. ```bash JAIL_FILE="/etc/fail2ban/jail.local" ``` - Points to the jail config you want to modify. ```bash sed -i -E "s|^(ignoreip\s*=).*|\1 127.0.0.1/8 ::1 $RESOLVED_IP fe80::/10|" "$JAIL_FILE" ``` - Uses `sed` to replace the entire `ignoreip` line with: - localhost + loopback (`127.0.0.1/8 ::1`) - your **resolved** DDNS IP - and optional link-local IPv6 scope (`fe80::/10`) ```bash systemctl restart fail2ban ``` - Restarts Fail2Ban so the updated IP takes effect immediately. ### Example Output ```bash Resolved IP: ignoreip updated in jail.local Fail2Ban restarted successfully ``` ### Cron Job (Optional) To schedule it daily or multiple times a day, add to `root`’s crontab: ```cron */15 * * * * /usr/local/bin/update-fail2ban-ignoreip.sh >> /var/log/update-fail2ban-ignoreip.log 2>&1 ``` ### Notes - Use `ignoreip` to exempt safe IPs (including local/DDNS). - Consider rotating logs weekly to avoid bloated logs. - Fail2Ban can be extended to cover other services (Apache, Postfix, etc.). # UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) – Useful Commands Cheat Sheet #### UFW is a simple command-line tool to manage firewall rules in Ubuntu and Debian-based distributions. It's ideal for quickly managing iptables without having to deal with the complexity of low-level configuration. ### πŸ”§ Basic Commands - **Check UFW status:** ``` sudo ufw status ``` - **Enable UFW:** ``` sudo ufw enable ``` - **Disable UFW:** ``` sudo ufw disable ``` - **Reload UFW rules (after edits):** ``` sudo ufw reload ``` ### βœ… Allow Traffic - **Allow a port (e.g., HTTP):** ``` sudo ufw allow 80 ``` - **Allow a port with protocol:** ``` sudo ufw allow 443/tcp ``` - **Allow a service (defined in `/etc/services`):** ``` sudo ufw allow 'OpenSSH' ``` - **Allow from a specific IP:** ``` sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.100 ``` - **Allow from IP to specific port:** ``` sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.100 to any port 22 ``` ### ❌ Deny Traffic - **Deny a port:** ``` sudo ufw deny 23 ``` - **Deny a specific IP:** ``` sudo ufw deny from 203.0.113.10 ``` ### πŸ” Advanced - **Delete a rule (by matching the exact allow/deny rule):** ``` sudo ufw delete allow 80 ``` - **Reset UFW (removes all rules):** ``` sudo ufw reset ``` - **Enable logging:** ``` sudo ufw logging on ``` - **Disable logging:** ``` sudo ufw logging off ``` - **Check UFW version (indirectly via package):** ``` ufw --version ``` # Resolving Hostnames To IP Addresses Ubuntu To change how the address `https://docs.natenetworks.com/books/project-notes/page/command-guide-to-backing-up-bookstack` is resolved locally and use a hostname instead of an IP address, you can edit the `hosts` file on your local machine. This allows you to map the IP address to a more friendly hostname, which you can then use in your browser or any application that accesses this URL. Here’s how to do it for various operating systems: ### For Linux and macOS
1. **Open a Terminal**. 2. **Edit the `/etc/hosts` file**. You’ll need superuser permissions to edit it. You can use any text editor; here, `nano` is used as an example:
-
`sudo nano /etc/hosts`
- **Add an entry** for the IP address and the desired hostname at the end of the file. For example, if you want to use `mybookstack.local` as the hostname, add:
lua
1.
`192.168.1.236 mybookstack.local`
Ensure there's a space or a tab between the IP address and the hostname. 2. **Save and close** the file. In `nano`, you can do this by pressing `Ctrl + O`, `Enter` to save, and `Ctrl + X` to exit. 3. Now, you should be able to access `https://docs.natenetworks.com/books/project-notes/page/command-guide-to-backing-up-bookstack` using `http://mybookstack.local/books/project-notes/page/command-guide-to-backing-up-bookstack`. ### For Windows 1. **Open Notepad as Administrator**. You can do this by searching for Notepad in the Start menu, right-clicking on it, and selecting β€œRun as administrator”. 2. **Open the `hosts` file** located at `C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts`. 3. **Add an entry** for the IP address and the desired hostname. For example:
lua
1.
`192.168.1.236 mybookstack.local`
Make sure there’s a space or a tab between the IP address and the hostname. 2. **Save and close** the file. After you update the `hosts` file, you might need to flush your DNS cache for the changes to take effect immediately. Here's how you can do it: - **On Linux**, open a terminal and run:
bash
-
`sudo systemctl restart nscd`
This command restarts the Name Service Cache Daemon, but note that not all distributions run `nscd` by default. - **On macOS**, open a terminal and run:
bash
-
`sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder`
This command resets the DNS cache. - **On Windows**, open Command Prompt as Administrator and run:
cmd
-
`ipconfig /flushdns`
Now, when you use `http://mybookstack.local/books/project-notes/page/command-guide-to-backing-up-bookstack` in your browser, it should resolve to `https://docs.natenetworks.com/books/project-notes/page/command-guide-to-backing-up-bookstack` via the local hostname you set. ### Using the Computer's Hostname If you prefer to use the computer's hostname (assuming the computer hosting the BookStack instance has a name like `bookstack-server`), you can simply map the hostname to the IP address in the same way. However, if you want the hostname to be recognized by other devices in your network without editing each device's `hosts` file, you'd typically need to configure this on your DNS server or router, which might support local DNS configurations. This process varies significantly depending on the router or DNS server software, so you'll need to refer to the specific instructions for your device or software. # Creating an IP Lookup with one line Make a file called public-ip.sh ```bash sudo nano public-ip.sh ``` Copy this: ```bash #!/bin/bash # dig command to lookup what the public ip address is dig +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.com ``` Make it executable: ```bash sudo chmod +x public-ip.sh ``` Run the file and it will output your current public IP: ```bash ./public-ip.sh ``` # Map Network Drive in Ubuntu Guide to mounting a network drive on Ubuntu From Windows Server: Install CIFS: ```bash sudo apt update sudo apt install cifs-utils ``` ```bash sudo mkdir /mnt/localcloud ``` ```bash sudo nano /etc/smbcredentials ``` Put this in the file you create ```bash username=windows_username password=windows_password ``` Secure the Permissions ```bash sudo chmod 600 /etc/smbcredentials ``` Change the /etc/fstab file and add the network location to the bottom of it: ```bash sudo nano /etc/fstab ``` Add the following line to the file: ```bash //192.168.1.121/localcloud /mnt/localcloud cifs credentials=/etc/smbcredentials,uid=1000,gid=1000,vers=3.0 0 0 ``` Make the Directory: ```bash sudo mkdir /mnt/localcloud ``` Mount the drive: ```bash sudo mount -a ``` Your uid=1000 and gid=1000 with the user ID and group ID of the user you want to own the # files after mounting (use id -u zippyb to find your UID, and id -g zippyb to find #your GID. ```bash sudo id -u zippyb sudo id -g zippyb ``` check to see if the network drive is mounted: ```bash ls -la /mnt/localcloud ``` Output: [![2024-06-07 20_47_22-zippyb@pivpn_ ~.png](https://docs.natenetworks.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-06/scaled-1680-/2024-06-07-20-47-22-zippyb-at-pivpn.png)](https://docs.natenetworks.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-06/2024-06-07-20-47-22-zippyb-at-pivpn.png) Optional: Manually Mount the Drive: ```bash sudo mount -t cifs -o credentials=/etc/smbcredentials,uid=1000,gid=1000,vers=3.0 //192.168.1.121/localcloud /mnt/localcloud ``` # Enabling SSH in Ubuntu \# Update Packages ```bash sudo apt update -y ``` \# Install Open SSH Server ```bash sudo apt install openssh-server ``` \# Make sure it says active (running) in green ```bash sudo systemctl status ssh ``` \# Enable SSH to start automatically on boot ```bash sudo systemctl enable ssh ``` \# Reboot the computer and see if SSH runs on reboot: ```bash sudo systemctl status ssh ``` [![2024-06-13 01_10_34-MAC-FILES - VMware Workstation 17 Player (Non-commercial use only).png](https://docs.natenetworks.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-06/scaled-1680-/2024-06-13-01-10-34-mac-files-vmware-workstation-17-player-non-commercial-use-only.png)](https://docs.natenetworks.com/uploads/images/gallery/2024-06/2024-06-13-01-10-34-mac-files-vmware-workstation-17-player-non-commercial-use-only.png) # Reinstalling Ubuntu WSL on Windows from PowerShell This is when you want to throw your build out the window and start fresh: ```powershell wsl --unregister Ubuntu ``` ```powershell wsl --install -d Ubuntu ``` Now you can start with a fresh install of Ubuntu in Windows Subsystem for Linux. To list all registered WSL distributions on your PC, run this command: ```powershell wsl --list --verbose ``` Or the shorthand: ```powershell wsl -l -v ``` This will show output like: ``` NAME STATE VERSION * Ubuntu-22.04 Running 2 Debian Stopped 2 ``` - The `*` indicates the default distribution. - You can then unregister any of them using: ```powershell wsl --unregister ``` For example: ```powershell wsl --unregister Ubuntu-22.04 ``` Make a backup of anything you need before removing it. [![image.png](https://docs.natenetworks.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-06/scaled-1680-/DGSDDyw8EECLpVfP-image.png)](https://docs.natenetworks.com/uploads/images/gallery/2025-06/DGSDDyw8EECLpVfP-image.png) # Updating the System Time in Raspian / Ubuntu To check and update the system time via SSH on your Raspberry Pi (or any other Linux-based system), you can use the following steps: 1\. Connect to your Raspberry Pi via SSH. Open a terminal on your computer and type: ```bash ssh [your_username]@[your_raspberry_pi_ip_address] ``` Replace `\[your\_username\]` with your actual username on the Raspberry Pi, and `\[your\_raspberry\_pi\_ip\_address\]` with the device's IP address. 2\. Check the current system time. Once you're connected, you can check the current system date and time by typing: ```bash sudo date ``` 3\. Update the system time. If the system time is incorrect, you can set it manually using the `date` command followed by a string representing the new date and time. For example: ```fortran sudo date MMDDhhmmCCYY.ss ``` This is the format: \- `MM` is the two-digit month. \- `DD` is the two-digit day. \- `hh` is two digits of hour (00 through 23). \- `mm` is two digits of minute (00 through 59). \- `CC` is the first two digits of the year (the century). \- `YY` is the last two digits of the year. \- `.ss` is two digits of seconds. Here is an example command that would set the date to April 12, 2024, at 9:18 AM: ```bash sudo date 041209182024.00 ``` 4\. Set the timezone (if necessary). If you also need to set the correct timezone, you can use the `timedatectl` command: ```fortran sudo timedatectl set-timezone [Your_Timezone] ``` Replace `\[Your\_Timezone\]` with your actual timezone. You can list all available timezones with: ```bash sudo timedatectl set-timezone America/Chicago ``` ```bash sudo timedatectl list-timezones ``` 5\. Synchronize time with an NTP server. If you want to ensure the system maintains accurate time, you might want to install and enable `NTP` (Network Time Protocol). You can install `ntp` with: ```bash sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install ntp ``` Once installed, it should start automatically and synchronize the time. You can check its status with: ```bash sudo systemctl status ntp ``` By following these steps, you should be able to check and update your system time via SSH. If the Raspberry Pi is connected to the internet, it is recommended to use NTP to keep the system time accurate automatically. # Installing a private self hosted AI Network-Chuck-Private-AI-project This is for WSL on Windows or Linux or MacOS. See HERE for guide to fresh install Ubuntu on Windows. Guide to creating your own private AI. Download Ollama (ONLY USE IF LINUX COMMAND DOESN'T WORK BELOW) https://ollama.com/download Linux Command to install it instead of the website. curl -fsSL https://ollama.com/install.sh | sh Go to the website: huggingface.co It is a community dedicated to providing and sharing AI Models. Search for Llama-2-7b (This is the latest version on 3/14/24) Link https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-2-7b Here is an uncensored version of llama2 https://huggingface.co/georgesung/llama2\_7b\_chat\_uncensored FULL OUTPUT TO JUST GET IT UP AND RUNNING Windows PowerShell Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Install the latest PowerShell for new features and improvements! https://aka.ms/PSWindows PS C:\\Users\\aonat> wsl --install Installing: Ubuntu Ubuntu has been installed. Launching Ubuntu... Installing, this may take a few minutes... Please create a default UNIX user account. The username does not need to match your Windows username. For more information visit: https://aka.ms/wslusers Enter new UNIX username: zippyb New password: Retype new password: passwd: password updated successfully The operation completed successfully. Installation successful! To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo <command>". See "man sudo\_root" for details. Welcome to Ubuntu 22.04.3 LTS (GNU/Linux 5.15.146.1-microsoft-standard-WSL2 x86\_64) \* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com \* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com \* Support: https://ubuntu.com/advantage This message is shown once a day. To disable it please create the /home/zippyb/.hushlogin file. zippyb@Nates-Big-Rig:~$ curl -fsSL https://ollama.com/install.sh | sh >>> Downloading ollama... \######################################################################## 100.0%#=#=# \######################################################################## 100.0% >>> Installing ollama to /usr/local/bin... \[sudo\] password for zippyb: >>> Creating ollama user... >>> Adding ollama user to render group... >>> Adding ollama user to video group... >>> Adding current user to ollama group... >>> Creating ollama systemd service... >>> Enabling and starting ollama service... Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/default.target.wants/ollama.service β†’ /etc/systemd/system/ollama.service. >>> NVIDIA GPU installed. zippyb@Nates-Big-Rig:~$ ollama run llama2 pulling manifest pulling 8934d96d3f08... 100% β–•β–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ– 3.8 GB pulling 8c17c2ebb0ea... 100% β–•β–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ– 7.0 KB pulling 7c23fb36d801... 100% β–•β–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ– 4.8 KB pulling 2e0493f67d0c... 100% β–•β–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ– 59 B pulling fa304d675061... 100% β–•β–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ– 91 B pulling 42ba7f8a01dd... 100% β–•β–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ–ˆβ– 557 B verifying sha256 digest writing manifest removing any unused layers success >>> Tell me about yourself? I'm just an AI, I don't have personal experiences or emotions like humans do. However, I'm here to help answer any questions you may have, provide information on a wide range of topics, and assist with tasks such as language translation, text summarization, and more! Is there something specific you would like to know or discuss? >>> Can you code? I'm just an AI, I don't have the ability to write or execute code in the classical sense. However, I can process and generate text based on patterns and algorithms programmed into me. My training data includes a wide range of texts and languages, which I can use to generate responses to questions or prompts. Is there something specific you would like me to help with? >>> If I tell you things, can you take them into memory in this convo? Yes, I can certainly keep track of the information you provide during our conversation! I'm designed to process and retain large amounts of text-based data, so feel free to share anything you'd like to discuss or ask about. Is there something specific you'd like to talk about or ask? >>> Send a message (/? for help) # Getting your System Name and Information in Ubuntu To check the version of Ubuntu you are running from the command line, you can use one of the following commands: 1\. **lsb\_release -a**: This command provides detailed information about the Ubuntu version. ```bash lsb_release -a ``` 2\. **cat /etc/os-release**: This command displays the content of the `os-release` file, which contains information about the operating system. ```bash cat /etc/os-release ``` 3\. **cat /etc/lsb-release**: This command shows information specific to the Linux Standard Base (LSB) of the operating system. ```bash cat /etc/lsb-release ``` 4\. **cat /etc/issue**: This command shows the Ubuntu version information. ```bash cat /etc/issue ``` 5\. **hostnamectl**: This command provides information about the system, including the Ubuntu version. ```bash Β  Β hostnamectl ``` You can use any of these commands to find out which version of Ubuntu you are running. # Installing Signal on Ubuntu 1\. Install the official public software signing key: ```bash wget -O- https://updates.signal.org/desktop/apt/keys.asc | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/signal-desktop-keyring.gpg > /dev/null ``` 2\. Add the Signal repository to your list of repositories: ```bash echo 'deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/signal-desktop-keyring.gpg] https://updates.signal.org/desktop/apt xenial main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/signal-xenial.list ``` 3\. Update your package database and install Signal: ```bash sudo apt update && sudo apt install signal-desktop ``` You can now find Signal in your applications. # Installing Syncthing as a service in Ubuntu Installing Syncthing and then adding it as a service in Ubuntu: 1\. Add the Syncthing APT repository key: ```bash curl -s https://syncthing.net/release-key.txt | gpg --dearmor | sudo tee /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/syncthing.gpg > /dev/null ``` 2\. Add the Syncthing APT repository: ```bash echo "deb https://apt.syncthing.net/ syncthing stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/syncthing.list ``` 3\. Update your package database: ```bash sudo apt update ``` 4\. Install Syncthing: ```bash sudo apt install syncthing ``` 5\. Start Syncthing: ```bash syncthing ``` Alternatively, you can set up Syncthing to run as a service: ```bash sudo systemctl enable syncthing@$USER.service ``` ```bash sudo systemctl start syncthing@$USER.service ``` These steps should help you install and start Syncthing on your Ubuntu system. # Doing a Distrubution Upgrade to the latest in Ubuntu To perform a distribution upgrade on your Ubuntu system, follow these steps: 1\. Update Existing Packages First, make sure all the existing packages are up to date. ```bash sudo apt update ``` ```bash sudo apt upgrade -y ``` ```bash sudo apt dist-upgrade -y ``` 2\. Clean Up Unnecessary Packages Remove any unnecessary packages to free up space and avoid potential conflicts. ```bash sudo apt autoremove -y ``` ```bash sudo apt clean ``` 3\. Start the Upgrade Process Use the `do-release-upgrade` command to start the distribution upgrade process. This will upgrade your system to the latest available Ubuntu version. ```bash sudo do-release-upgrade ``` 4\. Follow the On-Screen Instructions The `do-release-upgrade` command will guide you through the upgrade process. Follow the on-screen instructions, and answer any prompts as needed. Typically, you'll need to: \- Confirm the upgrade. \- Decide how to handle configuration file changes (you can usually accept the default options). 5\. Reboot the System After the upgrade process completes, reboot your system to apply the changes. ```bash sudo reboot ``` Additional Tips \- Backup Your Data: Before starting the upgrade process, it's a good idea to back up your important data. \- Check for PPA Compatibility: If you use any third-party PPAs (Personal Package Archives), ensure they are compatible with the new Ubuntu version or disable them before the upgrade. \- Network Connection: Make sure you have a stable network connection, as the upgrade process will download a significant amount of data. 6\. Install Gnome Tweaks ```bash sudo apt install gnome-tweaks ``` πŸš€πŸš€ # Installing PiVPN with WireGuard on Ubuntu Server This guide provides step-by-step instructions to install PiVPN using the WireGuard protocol on an Ubuntu Server system. PiVPN simplifies the process of setting up a secure and private VPN server.
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## System Requirements - Ubuntu Server 20.04 or later - Static IP address - Root or sudo privileges - Port forwarding access on your router
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## 1. Update the System ``` sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y ```
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## 2. Set a Static IP Address (if not already set) Edit your netplan configuration file: ``` sudo nano /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml ``` Example configuration: ``` network: version: 2 ethernets: eth0: dhcp4: no addresses: - 192.168.1.100/24 gateway4: 192.168.1.1 nameservers: addresses: [1.1.1.1, 8.8.8.8] ``` Apply the changes: ``` sudo netplan apply ```
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## 3. Install PiVPN Run the automated installation script: ``` curl -L https://install.pivpn.io | bash ``` During installation: - Select the user for managing VPN (typically your primary user) - Choose **WireGuard** as the VPN protocol - Allow PiVPN to manage firewall rules - Choose a port (default is 51820/UDP) - Select a DNS provider (Cloudflare, Google, or your own Pi-hole if available)
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## 4. Configure WireGuard Profiles To add a new VPN client: ``` pivpn add ``` Enter a name when prompted. This creates a `.conf` file stored in: ``` /home//configs/ ``` To display a QR code for mobile devices: ``` pivpn -qr ```
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## 5. Configure Router Port Forwarding Log in to your router and forward the selected WireGuard port (e.g., 51820/UDP) to your Ubuntu Server's static IP address.
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## 6. Connect Client Devices - **Mobile:** Install the WireGuard app and scan the QR code - **Desktop:** Import the `.conf` file into the WireGuard app
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## 7. Common PiVPN Commands - Show connected clients: ``` pivpn -c ``` - List all profiles: ``` pivpn -l ``` - Revoke a client profile: ``` pivpn revoke ``` - Update PiVPN: ``` pivpn update ```
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## Conclusion You now have a secure WireGuard VPN running on Ubuntu Server using PiVPN. Connect remotely, enhance privacy, and safely route your traffic through your home network. Regularly check for updates to keep your VPN secure and performant.